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Hyperparathyroidism is a disease where one or more of the small glands behind the thyroid (a gland in the neck) are working too hard. These four glands are called parathyroid glands, and they produce parathyroid (PTH) hormone. PTH regulates the amount of calcium in the blood. Calcium is important for strong bones and teeth, but it also helps muscles, nerves and other parts of the body function as they should.

When calcium levels in the blood are too low, the parathyroid glands make and release more PTH into the blood. PTH works like a chemical message telling the body it needs more calcium.

Hyperparathyroidism happens when one or more of the parathyroid glands is enlarged or has a tumor (growth). This causes the glands to work too hard and make more PTH than the body needs. As a result, the amount of calcium in the blood rises higher than it should. There are three types of hyperparathyroidism.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism happens when one or more of the parathyroid glands make too much PTH, which then raises the calcium level in the blood higher than it should be.

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism happens when calcium levels in the blood are always low and the parathyroid glands make too much PTH in response. Calcium levels that are always low can happen in patients with , and .

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism happens when the parathyroid glands make too much PTH in patients after surgery.

Hyperparathyroidism Symptoms

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism vary based on disease severity.

Patients with more severe disease may experience:

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